dis
前缀dis-(dif-,di-) = apart;to undo;lack of,to remove;not
dis
dis-是个很常见的前缀，它原是副词性的拉丁前缀，意思为apart。当它作为原生前缀与拉丁词根结合时，根据词根首字母的情况，分别使用dis-,dif-,di-三种形式。其中，dis-主要出现在c,p,r,s,t等字母前面；而di-则出现在l,m,r,v等字母前面，其中又出现在它的v前面最为常见自15世纪以来，dis-成为英国中的一个活性词缀，能与英语中的外来借词或本族语单词相缀合，表示否定的意思。它的缀合对象可以是动词、名词或形容词。当与动词缀合时， dis的意思相当于to undo 或not;当与名词相缀合时，其意思相当 于lack of ( 这时不改变名词词性)或to remove (这时，把名词变 成功词) ;当它与形容词结合时，意思相当于not ，在个别情况下 ，作to make not 解(这时生成的是动词)。由于dis-用法较为复杂，我们将分两部分介绍。先介绍dis-及其异体作为原生词缀与词根结合的情况，再介绍dis-作为派生词缀表示否定意义的各种用法。
用法一. dis-如何与不同首字母的词根相结合。
1.discern [dis- = apart 开; cern = to separate 分=> " to separate one apart from the others 将一物与它物分开"→]
vt. distinq uish; recognize 辨别;认出
ex)Through the fog I could just discern a car towards me. 在农雾中，我们只能辨别出是一辆小汽车朝我开来。
2.dispense [dis- = apart 分开;如ns = to pay 付出; -e=> " to pay apart分别付出"→]
vt. give out; distribute 分収;分配
ex) The Red Cross dispensed food and clothing to the victims. 红十字会向难民分发衣物、食品。
3.disrupt [dis- = apart 开; rupt == to break 破"to break apart 破 裂" ]
vt. 分裂;瓦解
ex) The enemy tried to disrupt our coutry but failed in the edn. 敌人相分裂我们的国家但最后失败了。
4.dissuade [dis=apart 离; suade == to urge 力劝 →"to urge sb.apart 力劝某人离开"]
vt. persuade notωdo sth. 劝止，劝 阻
ex)The father finally dissuaded his son from leaving school. 父亲终止儿子的中途辍学的想法。
5.distract [dis- =apart 开; tract == to draw 牵引→]
vt. draw apart (the mind or attention) 引开(心思) ，分散(注意力) ， 使分心
ex) Noise distracts my attention from studying. 吵闹声使我无法专心学习。
用法二. dif- 和di-能与何种首字母的词根相缀合。
1. differ [dif- (dis-) == apart 开; fer == to carry 拿→"to carry apart from each other 拿开;互相分离"→]
v. be unlike; disagree 不同 ，相异
ex)My answer to the arithmatic problem differs from hers. 我得出的这道算术题的答案和她的不一样。
2.diffuse [dif- (dis-) = apart 开; fus = to pour 倾倒; -e →"to pour apart in every direction 向四面八方洒开"→ ]
vt. scatter widely 使散开，使扩散
ex)The sun diffuses light and heat. 太阳散发出光和热。
3.dilate [di- (dis-) = apart 开; lat - to widen 加宽; "to widen apart 加宽开来"→]
vt . expand; enlarge 膨胀;扩大
ex)When you take a deep breath,you dilate your nostrils. 当你深呼吸时，鼻孔就扩张了。
4.divert [di- (dis-) = apart 开; vert = to turn 转→"to turn apart 转 开"→]
vt. turn aside 转向，转移
ex)The king dimidiated the land between his two sons. 国王把国土平分给两个儿子。
5.divide [di- (dis-) = apart 开; vid == to separate 分; -e=>"to separate apart 分割开"→]
vt. separate into parts 分，划分
ex) A brook divides the field. 一条河把田野分成两部分。
用法三. dis- 跟派生词相结合。
1. disagree [dis- = to undo 取消]
v. fil to agreee;differ 不同意；不一致
ex)Your account of the incident disagrees with his. 你对该事件的说法跟他的说法不符合。
用法四.派生前缀dis-与名词结合的生成名词或动词的几个例词。
1.disadvantage [dis- = lack of 无；advantage n.有利条件→]
n.不利；不利条件
ex)Her shyness is a disadvantage in company. 她胆小害羞不利于她交友。
2.dishonour [dis- = lack of 无；honour n.名誉→]
n.不名誉；耻辱
ex)The robber brought dishonour to his family. 那个盗贼使自己的家门蒙羞。
3.disorder [dis- = lack of 无；order n.秩序→]
n.混乱；杂乱
ex)The room was in disorder after the birthday party. 生日聚会之后，房里一片杂乱。
4.disarm [dis- = to remove 去掉；arm n.武器→]
vt. 缴...的械
ex)The policemen captured the robbers and disarmed them. 警察抓住强盗并缴了他们的械。
用法五.以派生词dis-开头的形容词。
1.dishonest [dis- = not 不；honest adj.诚实的→]
adj.不诚实的；不正直的
ex)Lying,cheating and stealing are dishonest. 撒谎、欺诈与偷盗都是不诚实的行为。
2.disloyal [dis- = not 不；loyal adj.忠诚的→]
adj.not loyal ;unfaithful 不忠诚的
ex)A disloyal servant let robbers into the house. 一个不忠的个人把强盗引进门。
3.dissimilar [dis- = no 不；similar adj.相似的→]
adj.不一样的；不同的
ex)The brothers had markedly dissimilar characteristics. 这些兄弟性格各不相同。
用法一. dis-如何与不同首字母的词根相结合。
1.discern [dis- = apart 开; cern = to separate 分=> " to separate one apart from the others 将一物与它物分开"→]
vt. distinq uish; recognize 辨别;认出
ex)Through the fog I could just discern a car towards me. 在农雾中，我们只能辨别出是一辆小汽车朝我开来。
2.dispense [dis- = apart 分开;如ns = to pay 付出; -e=> " to pay apart分别付出"→]
vt. give out; distribute 分収;分配
ex) The Red Cross dispensed food and clothing to the victims. 红十字会向难民分发衣物、食品。
3.disrupt [dis- = apart 开; rupt == to break 破"to break apart 破 裂" ]
vt. 分裂;瓦解
ex) The enemy tried to disrupt our coutry but failed in the edn. 敌人相分裂我们的国家但最后失败了。
4.dissuade [dis=apart 离; suade == to urge 力劝 →"to urge sb.apart 力劝某人离开"]
vt. persuade notωdo sth. 劝止，劝 阻
ex)The father finally dissuaded his son from leaving school. 父亲终止儿子的中途辍学的想法。
5.distract [dis- =apart 开; tract == to draw 牵引→]
vt. draw apart (the mind or attention) 引开(心思) ，分散(注意力) ， 使分心
ex) Noise distracts my attention from studying. 吵闹声使我无法专心学习。
用法二. dif- 和di-能与何种首字母的词根相缀合。
1. differ [dif- (dis-) == apart 开; fer == to carry 拿→"to carry apart from each other 拿开;互相分离"→]
v. be unlike; disagree 不同 ，相异
ex)My answer to the arithmatic problem differs from hers. 我得出的这道算术题的答案和她的不一样。
2.diffuse [dif- (dis-) = apart 开; fus = to pour 倾倒; -e →"to pour apart in every direction 向四面八方洒开"→ ]
vt. scatter widely 使散开，使扩散
ex)The sun diffuses light and heat. 太阳散发出光和热。
3.dilate [di- (dis-) = apart 开; lat - to widen 加宽; "to widen apart 加宽开来"→]
vt . expand; enlarge 膨胀;扩大
ex)When you take a deep breath,you dilate your nostrils. 当你深呼吸时，鼻孔就扩张了。
4.divert [di- (dis-) = apart 开; vert = to turn 转→"to turn apart 转 开"→]
vt. turn aside 转向，转移
ex)The king dimidiated the land between his two sons. 国王把国土平分给两个儿子。
5.divide [di- (dis-) = apart 开; vid == to separate 分; -e=>"to separate apart 分割开"→]
vt. separate into parts 分，划分
ex) A brook divides the field. 一条河把田野分成两部分。
用法三. dis- 跟派生词相结合。
1. disagree [dis- = to undo 取消]
v. fil to agreee;differ 不同意；不一致
ex)Your account of the incident disagrees with his. 你对该事件的说法跟他的说法不符合。
用法四.派生前缀dis-与名词结合的生成名词或动词的几个例词。
1.disadvantage [dis- = lack of 无；advantage n.有利条件→]
n.不利；不利条件
ex)Her shyness is a disadvantage in company. 她胆小害羞不利于她交友。
2.dishonour [dis- = lack of 无；honour n.名誉→]
n.不名誉；耻辱
ex)The robber brought dishonour to his family. 那个盗贼使自己的家门蒙羞。
3.disorder [dis- = lack of 无；order n.秩序→]
n.混乱；杂乱
ex)The room was in disorder after the birthday party. 生日聚会之后，房里一片杂乱。
4.disarm [dis- = to remove 去掉；arm n.武器→]
vt. 缴...的械
ex)The policemen captured the robbers and disarmed them. 警察抓住强盗并缴了他们的械。
用法五.以派生词dis-开头的形容词。
1.dishonest [dis- = not 不；honest adj.诚实的→]
adj.不诚实的；不正直的
ex)Lying,cheating and stealing are dishonest. 撒谎、欺诈与偷盗都是不诚实的行为。
2.disloyal [dis- = not 不；loyal adj.忠诚的→]
adj.not loyal ;unfaithful 不忠诚的
ex)A disloyal servant let robbers into the house. 一个不忠的个人把强盗引进门。
3.dissimilar [dis- = no 不；similar adj.相似的→]
adj.不一样的；不同的
ex)The brothers had markedly dissimilar characteristics. 这些兄弟性格各不相同。
