ab

前缀ab-(abs-,a-) = away from,off

ab

在常用词absent 和abstract 中含有一个拉丁语源的原生词缀ab-(abs-)。它原是拉丁介副词,意思相当于英语的“away,from,off”,这个前缀一般加在拉丁词根上,构成动词及相应的形容词与名词。同时还有大部分前缀所共有的“intensive”的含义。由于前缀主要来源于拉丁语和希腊语的介词,所以以前缀“AB”开头的单词主要和介词“from”一起使用。abs-是ab-的异体,出现在以c,t开头的词根前。ab-(abs-)是个僵化词缀。下面重点看一下前缀AB的主要意思“away”。

1,分离,脱离

abdicate,abduct

2,消失,减少,去除

abscond,abrasive,abrogate

3,表强调[更加,完全,干净地,不断地]

abound,abstruse,ablution

另外,前缀AB和一些词根结合成词时,往往会受该词根第一个字母发音的影响,出现变形。

1,ABS[在辅音字母c,t之前]

abscess,abstract

2,A[在辅音字母m,v之前]

amendment,avert

此外,前缀AB还有一些同义前缀,它们也具有“分离,脱离”的意思。

1,APO

2,DE

3,DIS

4,SE

例词:

1.abduct [ab(=away) duct(=lead)拉向远处]

vt. kidnap;carry of a person by force 诱拐女人,孩子;绑架

abduction 诱拐; abductor 诱拐者

ex)The British ambassador to Lebanon was abducted by two large men.

驻黎巴嫩英国大使被两名大汉绑架了。

2.abominable [ab(=away) om(hom=man)远离人的面目]

adj. worthy of being hated;very unpleasant 令人厌恶的,讨厌的;天气,饮食等令人不快的,极坏的

abomination 憎恶;abominator 憎恶者;abominate 憎恶

ex)Her taste in clothing is abominable!

她选衣服的品位实在太令人厌恶了!

3.abstain [abs(=from) tain(=hold)分离拿住]

vi.from sth/ing hold oneself back;refrain ;voluntarily do without 放弃;弃权;戒绝

abstention 节制;abstinence节制;禁欲;戒酒;abstainer 弃权者;戒酒者;abstinent 节制的;禁欲的

ex)In this age of AIDS,it's wise to abstain from unprotected sex.

在艾滋病盛行的今天,最后是避免没有安全措施的性行为。

4.abnormal [ab(=from) norm(=rule)远离常规的]

adj. not usual;not normal ;irregular;strange 非一般的;不正确的;不规律的;反常的;变态的

abnormality 反常;变态;abnormally 反常地

ex)The calm before a thunderstorm sometimes seems abnormal.

暴风雨前的静寂有时看起来很异常。

5.abound [ab(=intensive) o und(=wave)更加荡漾]

vi. in/with sth be plentiful;be filled 有许多,大量存在;丰富;茂盛;充满

abundance 丰富;abundant 丰富的;abundantly 丰富地

ex)This section of town abounds with Italian restaurants.

城市的这个地区有很多意大利餐厅。

词根:
duct=lead

deduct 扣除税金等;de=down;

induct 吸收...为会员,使正式就职;in=into;

seduction 诱惑,唆使;se=away;

om
homage 尊敬;homicide 杀人;cid=kill;

Homo Sapiens 人类;sap=wise;

tain=hold

attain 到达,达成;at
retain保留,保持;雇佣;re=again

sustain 支撑;抚养;sus
norm=rule

enormity 极恶,重罪;e
normal 正常的,标准的

normative 标准的,规范的

und=wave

redound 起作用,产生影响;回报;red
redundant 多余的,过多的;red
undulation 波动,起伏


6.abduct [ab(=away) duct(=lead)拉向远处]

vt. kidnap;carry of a person by force 诱拐女人,孩子;绑架

abduction 诱拐; abductor 诱拐者

ex)The British ambassador to Lebanon was abducted by two large men.

驻黎巴嫩英国大使被两名大汉绑架了。

7.abominable [ab(=away) om(hom=man)远离人的面目]

adj. worthy of being hated;very unpleasant 令人厌恶的,讨厌的;天气,饮食等令人不快的,极坏的

abomination 憎恶;abominator 憎恶者;abominate 憎恶

ex)Her taste in clothing is abominable!

她选衣服的品位实在太令人厌恶了!

8.abstain [abs(=from) tain(=hold)分离拿住]

vi.from sth/ing hold oneself back;refrain ;voluntarily do without 放弃;弃权;戒绝

abstention 节制;abstinence节制;禁欲;戒酒;abstainer 弃权者;戒酒者;abstinent 节制的;禁欲的

ex)In this age of AIDS,it's wise to abstain from unprotected sex.

在艾滋病盛行的今天,最后是避免没有安全措施的性行为。

9.abnormal [ab(=from) norm(=rule)远离常规的]

adj. not usual;not normal ;irregular;strange 非一般的;不正确的;不规律的;反常的;变态的

abnormality 反常;变态;abnormally 反常地

ex)The calm before a thunderstorm sometimes seems abnormal.

暴风雨前的静寂有时看起来很异常。

10.abound [ab(=intensive) o und(=wave)更加荡漾]

vi. in/with sth be plentiful;be filled 有许多,大量存在;丰富;茂盛;充满

abundance 丰富;abundant 丰富的;abundantly 丰富地

ex)This section of town abounds with Italian restaurants.
城市的这个地区有很多意大利餐厅。

词根:
duct=lead

deduct 扣除税金等;de=down;

induct 吸收...为会员,使正式就职;in=into;

seduction 诱惑,唆使;se=away;

om
homage 尊敬;homicide 杀人;cid=kill;

Homo Sapiens 人类;sap=wise;

tain=hold

attain 到达,达成;at
retain保留,保持;雇佣;re=again

sustain 支撑;抚养;sus
norm=rule

enormity 极恶,重罪;e
normal 正常的,标准的

normative 标准的,规范的

und=wave

redound 起作用,产生影响;回报;red
redundant 多余的,过多的;red
undulation 波动,起伏


11.absolve [ab(=from) solv/solu(loosen)放开使脱离责任、罪]

vt.sb of sth declare someone free from guilt or punishment宽恕,宣布...无罪

absolution 免除,宽恕,免罪;免除...的责任

ex)Children usually absolve their parents when they reach adulthood.

孩子们在长大成人之后通常会免除父母对自己的责任。


12.abstemious [abs
adj. not eating and drinking too much;frugal 饮食有度的;朴素的

abstemiousness 节制

ex)Being abstemious,the old gentleman wasted little money onentertaining。

那位老绅士特别节俭,几乎没有在娱乐方面浪费过钱。


13.abject [ab(=from) ject(=throw)分开扔掉]

adj. miserable;contemptible;mean 悲催的,绝望的;下流的,卑鄙的;下贱的

abjection 卑贱,卑劣,卑屈;abjectly 悲惨地,卑劣地

ex) The prisoner of war was kept in abject circumstances.

那个战服被关押在悲惨的环境中。


14.ablution [ab(=intensive,away,off) lu(=wash)洗得干干净净]

n. the act of washing one's body or a part of it as a religious ceremony(作为一种宗教仪式的)沐浴,净体

abluent 清洗的,洗洁剂

ex)The Aztecs often performed ritual ablution on victims prior to their sacrifice.

阿芝台客人在祭献之前往往要举行一个为祭品沐浴的仪式。


15.abrogate [ab(=away) rog(=ask)要求消失]

vt. abolish laws,customs,etc.废除法律、习惯等;撤退,废弃;

abrogation 废止

ex)Congress abrogated many of the lax bankruptcy laws.

议会废除了许多不严谨的破产法。

词根:
solv/solu=loosen

dissolve融化;溶解;解散;dis=apart

resolve 决心;解决;re=against,intensive

solvent溶媒;解决方法;可溶解的;有补偿能力的;

tem
antomy解剖学;ana=up

atomize使粉碎;a=not

appendectomy盲肠手术;ap
ject=throw

adjective形容词;ad=add

conjecture推测;con
eject逐出;喷射;e
lu=wash

dilute稀释,冲淡;di
undiluted未稀释的;un=not;di
rog=ask

arrogant傲慢的;ar
interrogation质问,审问;inter=between

prorogue休会;pro=forward

16.abstruse [abs
adj. deep in meaning;difficult to understand深奥的;难以理解的;

abstruseness深奥的;难以理解的;

ex)For most people,the field of theoretical physics is decidedly abstruse .

对大部分人来说,理论物理学确实很难。

17.avocation [a
n. an occcupation besides one's regular work;hobby副业;业余爱好;

ex)I am a poet,but only by avocation。

我写诗,不过只是业余爱好。

18.aberration [ab(=from) err(=wander)]分开徘徊

n. the state of being abnormal; an abnormal act; failure of rays to focus 脱离常规;越轨;像差(焦点不准确而造成的物象模糊)

aberrant脱离常规的;越轨的;

ex)An aberration in the lens caused the telescope to reveal a flawed image.

镜头出现了像差,导致望远镜上的图像有些走样。

19.abortive [ab(=from) ort
adj. unsuccessful;born before grown enough to live失败的;流产的,堕胎的

abortion流产,堕胎,妊娠中止;失败;abortionist非法为人堕胎者;abort流产;失败

ex)The soldiers made an abortive attempt to rescue the hostages.

士兵们试图救出人质,但是没有成功。

20.abrasive [ab(=away) ras/rad(=scrape)]刮擦以使脱离、消失

adj. causing abrasion ;harsh,rough 磨擦的,磨损的;使和别人产生摩擦的;烦人的,恼人的;粗糙的;

n.substance used for rubbing or grinding down surfaces 磨料

abrasiveness 与人关系上的摩擦;abrasion 磨损,磨耗;

ex)The texture of a cat's tongue is remarkably abrasive.

猫的舌头异常粗糙。

词根:
trus=thrust

intrusion侵入;in=into;

obtrusive不自量力、多管闲事的;ob=in the way;

protrusion伸出,隆起;pro=forth;

voc=voice,call

convocation(会议的)召集;con
equivocal模棱两可的;equ=same,equal;

vocalize说,发出声音;

err=wander

errand跑腿;

erratic古怪的,善变的;

unerring没错的,正确的;un=not

or=arise

aborigine土著居民;ab=away;

orient使适应;使朝向一定的方向;

original独创的;最初的;

ras/rad=scrape

erase擦掉;e
eraser橡皮;e