by

前缀by- = secondary;near by

by

前缀by-是本族语的前缀,它的前身是古英语的bi-,其意思相当于secondary 或near by。作为形容词性的派生前缀,它主要加缀在名词之前,构成新的名词。by-是个活性词缀,在含有by-的派生词中,词汇历史较短的,往往还带有连接字符(-)。下面介绍几个含有by-的派生词。

1.bypass [by- = secondary 次要的;pass n. 道路→次要的道路→]
n. 旁道,旁路
ex)Take the bypass to avoid the traffic in the centre of town. 抄旁道避开交通拥挤的市中心吧!

2.bystander [by- = near by 附近;stand v. 站立;-er n.= a person ...者 →站在附近者→]
n.旁观者
The police asked some of the bystanders about the accident. 警方向一些旁观者查问该事件。

3.bywork [by - = secondary 次要的;work 工作→]
n.业余多余
ex) He is a teacher;writing is his bywork. 他当教师,写作是业余工作。

4.by-product [by- = secondary 次要的;product n.产品→]
n.副产品
Kerosene is a by-product of petroleum refining. 煤油是精炼石油时的副产品。