com
前缀com-(co-,col-,con-,cor-,coun)=with,together
com
com-是个构词能力很强的原生词缀，它来自拉丁介词cum,原意是with,在构词中又发展出together,以及altogether或completely（表示加强词义）的意思。com-有co-,col-,con-,cor,coun-五种变体，其用法取决于词根字母。具体地说，com-用在b,m,p,f之前；col-用在l之前；cor-用在r之前；co-出现在元音字母h,gn之前；而con-则用在其余的辅音字母之前。值得注意的是，自十五世纪以来，co-变成英语的派生词缀，能跟动词、名词、形容词相缀合，表示together,joint等意思。这时，它没有形体变化，可以出现在任何字母之前（往往带有连接字符）。由于com-的导体比较多，我们最好依照它的构词特点分别介绍它的派生词。词外com-还有一些同义前缀，如syn-也具有“联合”的含义。
先看几个以com-,col-,cor-开头的原生派生词。
1.combat [com- = with 与；bat = to beat 打→“与...打仗”]
vt.跟...战斗，反对
ex)We must combat diseases with better health programs. 我们必须用更得力的卫生计划与疾病作斗争。
2.commit [com- = altogether 完全；mit = to sent 送→“to sent altogether完全送去”]
vt. hand over;deliver 送交；提交
ex)The insane woman was committed to an asylum. 疯女人被送到精神病院去了。
3.compose [com- =together 一起；pos = to put 放；-e →“放在一起”]
vt. 组成，构成;创作
ex)Our party was composed of sixteen students. 我们团体由16个学生组成。
4.collide [col-(com-) = together 一起；lid = to strike 撞；-e →“撞在一起”]
vi. 猛撞；撞坏
ex)Two ships collided in the mist and sank. 两艘轮船在雾中相撞沉没。
5.correspond [cor-(com-) = with 与；respond =to answer 应答→"...相方应答”]
vi. 符合，一致;通信
ex)His promise and his performance do not correspond. 他的言行不一。
6.collaborate [col(com)= with +labor(=work)一起工作]
vi. 合作，协作
ex) The conductor collaborated brilliantly with the members of the orchestra. 那位指挥家和交响乐团的成员合作得非常出色。
下面各举一例子说明con-出现在其它辅音字母前的情况。
1.concentrate [con-(com-)=together 一起；centr=centre 中心；-ate v.= to cause to be 使→“使共处于一中心”]
vt. 集中
ex)The fire chief concentrated his men to fight the blaze. 救火队队长把手下人集中起来扑灭大火。
2.condole [con-(com-) = with 与;dol = to grieve 悲伤→与...一起悲伤→]
vi. 吊唁；同情
ex)They condoled with the widow at the funeral. 他们在葬礼上向死者遗孀表示哀悼。
3.conform [con-(com-)=with 功能；form = to shape 造型→与...一起造型→]
v. 一致，符合
ex)If you wish to be a memeber,you must conform to the rules of our club. 你要想加入我们俱乐部，就得遵守它的规则。
4.congest [con-(com-)=together 一起；gest = to carry 运送→“都送到一起来”→]
vt. 充满；拥挤
ex)Main street is congested with people driving to work each morning. 每天早晨梅恩大街都挤满了开车上班的人。
5.conjunction [con-(com-)=together 一起；junct = to join 连接；-ion n. = act or thing 事物 → “相连的行为或相连之物”→]
n.联合，连接；连词
ex) A severe illness in conjunction with hot weather has left the baby very sick. 重病加上热天气弄得小孩虚弱不堪。
6.connect [con-(com-) = together 一起；nect = to tie 绑→“邦在一起”→]
vt. 连接；连结
ex)The plumber connected a faucet to the pipe. 管道水工把水装在水龙头装在水管上。
下面是原生词缀co- 出现在元音字母及h,gn前的词例子。
1.coagulate [co-(com-)=together 一起；agulate = to drive 驱使→驱赶一块去→]
v. （使）结块；（使）凝结
ex)The blood from a cut soon coagulated. 伤口流出的血很快就凝固了。
2.coerce [co-(com-)=together 一起；erc = to restrain 约束；-e → "to restrain together 约束在一起"→]
vt. 迫使；强迫
ex)The prisoner was coerced into confessing to the crime. 犯人被迫认罪。
3.coincide [(co-(com-)= together 一起；in = upon 在...上；cid = to fall 落；-e → "to fall upon together 一起落在...上"→]
v. 重合；同时发生，时间重合；相符，一致
4.cohere [(co-(com-)= together 一起；her= to stick 粘；-e →]
vi. 粘合;紧凑，连贯
ex)The adornments must cohere with the basic designs. 装饰物必须与设计的基调相协调。
5.cognate [(co-(com-)= together 共同；gnate = to be born 出生→“共同出生的”→]
adj.同源的；同词源的
ex) English "father" and Latin "pater" are cognate words. 英语单词father 与拉丁语的pater 是同源词。
介绍前缀co-作为派生词的几个有代表性的词例。
1.coexist [(co-= together 共同；exist v. 存在→]
vi.共存
ex)Can love and hate coexist in the same person ?爱与恨能共存于同一个人心中吗？
2.comanage [(co- = jointly 联合地；manage v. 经营→]
vt. 联合经营
ex) This banking group is comanaged by ABC Company and Lehman Brothers. 这个银行集团是由ABC公司与莱曼兄弟公司联合经营的。
3.co-owner [co- = joint 共同的；owner n.所有人→]
n.共同所有人，共有人
ex) His father and I are the co-owners of the newspaper. 他父亲和我是这家报纸的共同所有人。
4.codiscoverer [co- = joint 共同的；discoverer n. 发现者→]
n.共同开发者
ex)The Curies were codiscoverers of artificial radioactive elements. 居里夫妇是人造放射性元素的共同发现者。
5.coeternal [co- = together 一起；eteranl adj.永存的→“一起永存的”→]
adj.同样永恒的，永远并存的
ex)Truth is coeternal with the world. 真理是与天地散在的。
前缀coun- 的派生词例。
countenance [coun vt. 支持，赞同；奖励；默认
n.容貌，长相，脸色；支持，赞助
ex)Our teacher does not countenance tardiness in the classroom. 我们老师无法容忍上课迟到。
先看几个以com-,col-,cor-开头的原生派生词。
1.combat [com- = with 与；bat = to beat 打→“与...打仗”]
vt.跟...战斗，反对
ex)We must combat diseases with better health programs. 我们必须用更得力的卫生计划与疾病作斗争。
2.commit [com- = altogether 完全；mit = to sent 送→“to sent altogether完全送去”]
vt. hand over;deliver 送交；提交
ex)The insane woman was committed to an asylum. 疯女人被送到精神病院去了。
3.compose [com- =together 一起；pos = to put 放；-e →“放在一起”]
vt. 组成，构成;创作
ex)Our party was composed of sixteen students. 我们团体由16个学生组成。
4.collide [col-(com-) = together 一起；lid = to strike 撞；-e →“撞在一起”]
vi. 猛撞；撞坏
ex)Two ships collided in the mist and sank. 两艘轮船在雾中相撞沉没。
5.correspond [cor-(com-) = with 与；respond =to answer 应答→"...相方应答”]
vi. 符合，一致;通信
ex)His promise and his performance do not correspond. 他的言行不一。
6.collaborate [col(com)= with +labor(=work)一起工作]
vi. 合作，协作
ex) The conductor collaborated brilliantly with the members of the orchestra. 那位指挥家和交响乐团的成员合作得非常出色。
下面各举一例子说明con-出现在其它辅音字母前的情况。
1.concentrate [con-(com-)=together 一起；centr=centre 中心；-ate v.= to cause to be 使→“使共处于一中心”]
vt. 集中
ex)The fire chief concentrated his men to fight the blaze. 救火队队长把手下人集中起来扑灭大火。
2.condole [con-(com-) = with 与;dol = to grieve 悲伤→与...一起悲伤→]
vi. 吊唁；同情
ex)They condoled with the widow at the funeral. 他们在葬礼上向死者遗孀表示哀悼。
3.conform [con-(com-)=with 功能；form = to shape 造型→与...一起造型→]
v. 一致，符合
ex)If you wish to be a memeber,you must conform to the rules of our club. 你要想加入我们俱乐部，就得遵守它的规则。
4.congest [con-(com-)=together 一起；gest = to carry 运送→“都送到一起来”→]
vt. 充满；拥挤
ex)Main street is congested with people driving to work each morning. 每天早晨梅恩大街都挤满了开车上班的人。
5.conjunction [con-(com-)=together 一起；junct = to join 连接；-ion n. = act or thing 事物 → “相连的行为或相连之物”→]
n.联合，连接；连词
ex) A severe illness in conjunction with hot weather has left the baby very sick. 重病加上热天气弄得小孩虚弱不堪。
6.connect [con-(com-) = together 一起；nect = to tie 绑→“邦在一起”→]
vt. 连接；连结
ex)The plumber connected a faucet to the pipe. 管道水工把水装在水龙头装在水管上。
下面是原生词缀co- 出现在元音字母及h,gn前的词例子。
1.coagulate [co-(com-)=together 一起；agulate = to drive 驱使→驱赶一块去→]
v. （使）结块；（使）凝结
ex)The blood from a cut soon coagulated. 伤口流出的血很快就凝固了。
2.coerce [co-(com-)=together 一起；erc = to restrain 约束；-e → "to restrain together 约束在一起"→]
vt. 迫使；强迫
ex)The prisoner was coerced into confessing to the crime. 犯人被迫认罪。
3.coincide [(co-(com-)= together 一起；in = upon 在...上；cid = to fall 落；-e → "to fall upon together 一起落在...上"→]
v. 重合；同时发生，时间重合；相符，一致
4.cohere [(co-(com-)= together 一起；her= to stick 粘；-e →]
vi. 粘合;紧凑，连贯
ex)The adornments must cohere with the basic designs. 装饰物必须与设计的基调相协调。
5.cognate [(co-(com-)= together 共同；gnate = to be born 出生→“共同出生的”→]
adj.同源的；同词源的
ex) English "father" and Latin "pater" are cognate words. 英语单词father 与拉丁语的pater 是同源词。
介绍前缀co-作为派生词的几个有代表性的词例。
1.coexist [(co-= together 共同；exist v. 存在→]
vi.共存
ex)Can love and hate coexist in the same person ?爱与恨能共存于同一个人心中吗？
2.comanage [(co- = jointly 联合地；manage v. 经营→]
vt. 联合经营
ex) This banking group is comanaged by ABC Company and Lehman Brothers. 这个银行集团是由ABC公司与莱曼兄弟公司联合经营的。
3.co-owner [co- = joint 共同的；owner n.所有人→]
n.共同所有人，共有人
ex) His father and I are the co-owners of the newspaper. 他父亲和我是这家报纸的共同所有人。
4.codiscoverer [co- = joint 共同的；discoverer n. 发现者→]
n.共同开发者
ex)The Curies were codiscoverers of artificial radioactive elements. 居里夫妇是人造放射性元素的共同发现者。
5.coeternal [co- = together 一起；eteranl adj.永存的→“一起永存的”→]
adj.同样永恒的，永远并存的
ex)Truth is coeternal with the world. 真理是与天地散在的。
前缀coun- 的派生词例。
countenance [coun
n.容貌，长相，脸色；支持，赞助
ex)Our teacher does not countenance tardiness in the classroom. 我们老师无法容忍上课迟到。
